When someone collapses or stops breathing, the instinct for many of us is to act—and fast. CPR is one of the most powerful tools we have in a medical emergency. It saves lives every day. But here’s something you don’t hear as often: there are moments when not performing CPR is the right decision.
That’s right—there are clear, critical exceptions to the “always act” rule. Whether you’re certified, considering CPR training, or just someone who wants to be prepared, knowing these exceptions is just as important as learning how to perform compressions.
So let’s explore the 5 situations when you do not perform CPR—because sometimes, doing nothing is actually the most responsible choice.
Do You Ever Not Do CPR? The Quick Answer
Yes. CPR isn’t always appropriate. While it’s designed to restart breathing and circulation in someone who’s unresponsive and not breathing, there are several cases where performing CPR could be harmful, futile, or legally problematic.
The key is knowing how to recognize these situations—and acting accordingly.
If you want a more detailed guide, check out this full article from SimpleCPR:
5 situations when you do not perform CPR
What Are the 5 Situations When You Do Not Perform CPR?
Here’s the breakdown you need.
1. The Person Has a Valid DNR (Do Not Resuscitate) Order
If someone has made a legal and medical decision not to be revived, you must honor that.
DNR (Do Not Resuscitate) orders are serious, legally binding, and ethically clear. They’re commonly used by individuals in end-of-life care who want to avoid aggressive interventions.
Trying to perform CPR in this situation not only goes against their wishes—it could lead to legal complications for responders in clinical settings.
2. There Are Obvious Signs of Death
CPR is intended for people whose hearts and breathing have just stopped. But if there are unmistakable signs that death occurred long ago, CPR is not appropriate.
These signs include:
- Rigor mortis (stiffening of the body)
- Decomposition or obvious tissue breakdown
- Lividity (blood pooling and purple discoloration)
- Decapitation or catastrophic injury
As difficult as it may be, your role at that point is to call emergency services—not to initiate CPR.
3. The Scene Is Unsafe
Your safety matters just as much as the victim’s.
If the scene involves:
- Fire or smoke
- Electrical hazards (like downed wires)
- Chemical spills
- Active violence
- Unstable structures
…then it is not safe to perform CPR. Entering that environment could turn you into a second victim.
In these situations, the correct action is to call 911, keep a safe distance, and wait for emergency personnel with protective equipment.
4. The Person Is Breathing or Has a Pulse
This may sound obvious, but in panic, it’s easy to miss.
CPR is only for individuals who are:
- Unresponsive
- Not breathing normally
- Without a detectable pulse
If the person is breathing, has a pulse, or is even just groaning or moving slightly, do not start compressions. Doing so could cause injury or worsen their condition.
Always assess first before acting.
5. The Injuries Are Incompatible With Life
In extreme trauma cases—such as severe decapitation, major crush injuries, or burns where resuscitation is medically impossible—CPR will not be effective.
Trying to intervene in these cases can lead to emotional trauma for bystanders and responders, especially when the outcome cannot change.
In these situations, staying calm, securing the area, and ensuring emergency services are en route is the best response.
So… What Should You Do Instead?
If you’re faced with any of these five situations:
- Call 911 immediately
- Avoid putting yourself in danger
- Offer comfort or support to others nearby
- Stay on the line with emergency dispatchers
- Follow their instructions until help arrives
Inaction in the right moment is a form of action. It shows good judgment, respect, and understanding of the situation.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: What if I’m unsure whether to perform CPR?
A: If the person is unresponsive and not breathing, and there’s no sign of a DNR or visible trauma, begin CPR and continue until help arrives. It’s better to start than to hesitate unnecessarily.
Q: Can I get in trouble for doing CPR when I shouldn’t?
A: Most states and countries have “Good Samaritan Laws” that protect bystanders who act in good faith. However, in clinical or legal contexts (especially with DNRs), improper action could carry consequences.
Q: Should I still take CPR training?
A: Absolutely. CPR training not only teaches how to help, but also when. You’ll gain confidence in both action and judgment.
Final Thoughts: When Not to Act Is Just as Critical
CPR saves lives. But the decision to perform it—or not—should never be automatic. Learning the 5 situations when you do not perform CPR equips you with the full picture of what responsible emergency response looks like.
Preparedness isn’t just about action. It’s about awareness.
For a more in-depth breakdown with real-life context, read this expert article by SimpleCPR:
5 situations when you do not perform CPR
Because knowing when not to perform CPR could be just as life-saving as knowing when to begin.
